Jimi Hendrix and His Life Accomplishments Essay Example for Free

Jimi Hendrix and His Life Accomplishments EssayJimi Hendrix was one of the most influential and talented medical specialtyians of the 20th century, and through his work he made rock harmony what it is today. His talent with a guitar was what made him so popular in his own time. The reason he became a rock and roll legend in the 20th century was beca theatrical role of his new style, outrageous performances and his powerful lyrics which captivated his audiences. His new style of music involved, the extensive use exclusively sensitively nuanced use of feedback, distortion, and some other electronically manipulated sound effects. (Hendrix, Jimi). Some found the performances he put on to be crazy or insane, but his fans found them to be inspiring. Nevertheless, The true power of his genius lay in his musical and lyrical candor. (Fricke).On November 27, 1942 at 1015 Johnny Allen Hendrix was born(p) in King County Hospital. Johnnys name was changed 4 years later to James Marshal Hendrix, the name he is better k at one time by today. Just a few months after Jimi turned 16 his mother Lucille died. Jimi got his start guitar later in the year of his mothers terminal. (Time Line) Many people think his heartbreak over his mothers death is why Jimi turned to the guitar and writing music because, At its core, Hendrixs music was all about the blues. (Fricke). A year later in 1959 Jimi carryed in his first concert with The Velvetones. accordingly Jimi dropped out of high school to join the army. He was only in the army for about 3 months because he got injured during a mission and was discharged. Less than a year after being discharged from the army Jimi began to play on the R B circuit. After about 4 years of that Jimi formed his own band called Jimmy James and The Blue Flames.In this band is where he was discovered by a man named Chas Chandler. (Jimi Hendrix Biography) Then on October 6, 1966 Jimi Hendrixs most popular band was formed, Jimi Hendrix Experience . Over the course of about 2 years the Jimi Hendrix Experience released their 1st, 2nd and 3rd singles. They also toured in the UK, US, with the Monkeys and Jimi had his now legendary performance at the Monterey Pop Festival. In late 1968 and early 1969 Jimi received Artist Of The Year, Performer Of The Year, and World Top Musician awards. Jimi Hendrixs career indeed began a downfall as the Jimi Hendrix Experience broke up and Jimi got arrested in Toronto. Jimi formed his last band called Band Of Gypsys and they played a few spectacular concerts in 1970. Then Jimi played hisbiggest concert in front of 500,000 people at the Atlanta Pop Festival on July 4, 1970. Jimi Hendrixs last concert was at the Isle of Fehmarn in Germany. Jimi died on September 18, 1970 and undecomposed the day before Jimi wrote his last song entitled The Story of Life. (Time Line)There were many great musicians in the 20th century, and some people believe that they have had a greater influence than Jimi Hendr ix on rock today. There were the Beatles, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones and many other amazing musicians. Each of these artists also produced anywhere from 10-30 albums in their careers and, in his life time Jimi Hendrix officially released only three studio albums (Fricke) With so little music produced for the public how could he have influenced rock in any way at all. There are also other people who think Jimi Hendrix was a bad influence. Jimi Hendrix ran into many problems with the law involving his use of drugs and his anger problems.Some people feel that if someone influential is using drugs or committing violent acts this is influencing fans and followers in a wrong and potentially harmful way. There are also people who probably just didnt like his music. The furor Hendrix created upon his arrival on the capital of the United Kingdom pop scene was unprecedented. (Fricke) His new style of using lots of electronic sound effects was very different and new, and to some people probably it just sounded like a bunch of noise. If anything, some felt his influence changed rock for the worse.It is definitely true that there were many great musicians that played a interpreter in influencing rock music and making it what it is today. Those musicians also wrote more albums and had more popular songs than Jimi Hendrix. But having many albums and popular songs isnt what really influenced the development of rock music or the people who played and wrote rock music. What really influences something is a new and unique style, and that is exactly what Jimi Hendrix provided. He, did not conform to British fantasies of sharpdressing soul belters grizzled middle-aged bluesmen, who played rock roll guitar (Fricke).The way he took control during a concert using his pure talent with a guitar and the new style he had in his heart, changed the way concerts were to be performed forever. Jimi Hendrix did have a few flaws in his personality, but that doesnt change his influenc e in theslightest. His influence came directly from his music and this eccentric of him was flawless. simply pulling sounds out of the air and taming them into one seamless whole, accomplishing it with unassailable daring. (Mitchell)Jimi Hendrix was one of the most influential and talented musicians of the 20th century, and through his work he has made rock music what it is today.The combination of that creative drive with his stunning technique, sonic imagination and ingenious, painterly exploitation of effects like wah-wah, feedback, distortion and apparent earthquaking volume transformed rock roll and its primary instrument, the electric guitar forever. Hendrix left an indelible, fiercely individual mark on popular music, accelerating rocks already dynamic direct of change in the late Sixties with his revolutionary synthesis of guitar violence, improvisational nerve, spacey melodic reveries and a confessional intensity born of the blues. (Fricke)Although Jimi Hendrix didnt a ffect any other palm other than rock music directly, his influence on rock music continues to effect the world today. Many people have various aspects to their personality and Jimi Hendrix was definitely one of them. On his one side he had serious drug and anger problems. This side of him, obviously the bad one, was not the side his fans thought of when they cut his poster on their wall. They thought of his flawless other side in which he was an amazing guitarist, song writer and performer. Jimi Hendrix loved to write music and play his guitar more than anything else in the world, For Hendrix it was the substance of life. (Fricke).Work CitedFricke, David. Jimi Hendrix The Greatest Guitarist of All Time. Rolling Stone. February 6, 1992Hendrix, Jimi. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. New York Columbia University press, 2003.Jimi Hendrix Biography. Well Always immortalise Jimi Hendrix. (1 December, 2003)Mitchell, Elvis. Jimi Hendrix Again, Going Out With a Bang. New York Times. Oct ober 6 2001, A20Time Line. Jimi Hendrix Online Archive. (3 December, 2003)

The Influence of Chinese Culture on Buddhism Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Chinese Culture on Buddhism EssayBuddhism was originally developed in India and brought to China over the silk road, and later on to some extent through with(predicate) southeast Asia around the first century A.D.. This was during a time when the then reigning Han dynasty was in a state of chaos and Confucianism was being discredited by some intellectuals. The Chinese people therefore came to identify Confucianism with the failing dynasty, and sought a brand-new ideology to drive place of stale Confucian thinking. The exact date of the coming of Buddhism to China is unknown, but by 64 A. D. Buddhistic monks had introduced written intelligence into China.At first Buddhism was not popular in China. Interest took several centuries to grow because of Buddhisms incongruities with Chinese thought, as well as translation problems (Sanskrit to Chinese). Because Buddhism first entered through Chinas trading routes with Central Asia, it was seen as the theology of foreign merchants. Consequently, Large scale translation of Buddhist texts did not truly get under way until the sixth to 8th centuries A.D. This resulted in the wider distribution of Buddhism being delayed several centuries.Buddhism was difficult for the Chinese to accept because it was mysterious and hard to understand. Not straight-forward like Confucian teachings, to a greater extent like the ambiguity of Taoism (Jin 1), also. it was foreign. Moreover, Buddhism did not focus on problems of state as Confucianism did, and because the study of Confucianism was required material for the exams of public office, practical males preferred its study to that of Buddhism. Moreover, the Buddhist stress on personal fulfillment (even the Buddha left his family to search for revelation (Jin 1)) seemed counterintuitive to the Chinese values of family and ancestor venerate.As the organized religion became more widespread the Chinese people began to adapt distinctly Chinese forms of Buddhism. There were three major lineaments of Chinese Buddhism. The first was Pure Land Buddhism and it was started by Hui Yuan this type of Buddhism focused on devotion to the Amitabha Buddhain the belief that after death they would be born again in Western Paradise (Pure Land). In this religion worship of the Bodhisattva Guan-Yin was also very important (Jin). Chan or Zen Buddhism was founded by Hui-neng. It was hostile toward all scripture and dogma. The Zen Buddhists meditated on illogical riddles in set to gain enlightenment (Jin). Chih-I founded Tien Tai Buddhism whose primary emphasis was placed on the recitation and study of the Lotus Sutra (Jin).To thrive in China, Buddhism had to be transformed into a system that could exist within the Chinese way of life. Thus,obscure Indian sutras that advocated filial piety became core texts in China. Buddhism was made compatible with ancestor worship and participation in Chinas hierarchical system. Works were written arguing that the salvatio n of an individual was a benefit to that individuals society and family, and monks thus contributed to the greater good. (Wikipedia, Buddhism in China) ordinary Chinese Buddhism therefore, was fairly removed from the ideals that came from India. The basic ideas of karmic retribution, samsara, and nirvana came through intact, but in order to make Buddhism more palatable to the Chinese, it had to be adapted to their exist beliefs such as those previously mentioned. The portrayal of the nether human being in popular Chinese Buddhism highlights these changes in several ways. The Chinese not only translated Buddhist texts, but also began to directly associate the Buddhist ideas of the netherworld with those conceptions already popular in China.To begin, the (pre-Buddhist) Chinese believed in the Taoist concept of a world of the dead usually thought to be located beneath Mt. Tai in Shantung (Gjertson 1, 118). However, according to Professor Gjertson, the idea of hell as a location for p unishment was collectible to the influence of Buddhism, and was not see in literature until the 6th century, where it is seen in Taoist scriptures. too in popular Chinese Buddhist works the hells take on the anatomy of the then current bureaucratic and physical structures of China. Or, as Gjertson in his article entitled Popular Buddhism and Karmic Retribution describes, The nether world, at least(prenominal) superficially, wasconceived as a construct physically and bureaucratically similar to the world of the living (Gjertson 134).Often, someones death was likened to a live person being called to serve an office. For object lesson in the story of Tuan Tzu-ching in which one of two inseparable friends, Liang, dies suddenly and when he arrives in the ghost realm he discovers that the position of Chief clerk (a very prestigious position) has become available. Liang immediately suggests his (living) friend Tuan for the position. nance Yama, the king of the dead, then looked at Tu ans record and discovered that Tuan was not scheduled to die until he was ninety-seven, and he was then just thirty-two so he allowed Liang to visit his friend and invite him to take this office in the netherworld. Tuan agrees, and three days later he dies in order to take up his new position as Chief Clerk in the netherworld. This story shows a person literally dying in order to gain a bureaucratic appointment.Mentioned in yarn Number 19, Sui Jen-chien, is a description of the physical similarities between the netherworld and the world of the living. A ghost explains to a man that he serves as administrator of Lin-hu. The man, inquires of the whereabouts of the area and the name of its king and is told, The state of Lin-hu comprises everything northwestern United States of the Yellow River The capital is northwest of Lou-fan, in the desert. The King used to be King Wu-ling of the Chao, but he now controls this country. Everything is under the administration of Mt. Tai and every m onth the highest ministers are move there to attend court (Gjertson 3, 196). Directly referenced here are specific locations in the netherworld which seem to correspond to the living world. The ghost says, the King used to be King Wu-ling of the Chao, but he now controls this country, this must mean that King Wu-ling controls the corollary land, metaphorically under that of the living country to which it seems they refer.The idea of karma, that a person would be judged by their actions, whether they be morally right or wrong is and idea obviously intrinsic to the Buddhist faith the beliefthat the acts were judged, and the allot retribution assigned, in a nether-world court administered by an extensive staff of officials and their assistants is, however, a feature uniquely Chinese (Gjertson 1, 143). In a tale taken from Tang Lins Ming-pao chi for example, a man if brought before a judge of the underworld and accused of cooking six eggs as well as killing two ducks and two oxen, fo r this, the judge decides, he should be punished. The man protests, crying out loudly, This office is being grossly unjust (Gjertson 2, 301) The man explains that they nurture not heard his good deeds, and since the judicial system is indeed a fair one, they are heard, but still his evil deeds outweigh his good, and he is sentenced. This clearly exemplifies the idea of a Chinese judicial system governing the popular Chinese Buddhist workings of karma.In conclusion, the Buddhist religion has proven that it can accommodate in many ways, the Chinese people. Upon its arrival in China it satisfied a need of the people for a new religion under which to unite at the tragic fall of an empire. During this turbulent period in China, two major developments took place in Buddhism. One group consisting in the main of the sophisticated gentry dwelled on the philosophical and mystical aspects of Buddhism, while the other group dominated by rural farmers followed Buddhism in their own superstitio us and round-eyed ways imparting to it in the process a peculiar Chinese character.Buddhism stretched even more to allow for translation using Taoist terminology because the Chinese language did not possess a conceptual apparatus adequate for the abstract thought of Buddhism. The use of these familiar Taoist concepts contributed significantly to the spread of Buddhism in China. Buddhist teaching were changed in many ways to accommodate traditional Chinese sensibilities, but the religion changed China as well, leaving in its agitate years of rich culture and traditional Buddhist writings that no longer exist in their original Indian form.Works Cited(1) Gjertson, Donald. Popular Buddhism and Karmic Retribution. Also Sui Jen-chien, Kung Ko, and Chang Fa-i. From Miraculous Retribution A Study and Translation of Tang Lins Ming-pao chi, Berkeley University ofCalifornia Berkeley, Berkeley Buddhist Study Series Volume 8, 1989.(2) Gjertson, Donald. The Early Chinese Buddhist Miracle Tale A Preliminary Survey, in The Journal of the American Oriental Society 101.3, 1981.Jin, Shunde. Buddhism In China. (handout for Chinese 231 Traditional Chinese Culture, Ohio State University, 1998). http//www.cohums.ohio-state.edu/deall/jin.3/c231/handouts/h10.htmWikipedia. Buddhism in China. Local interpretation of Indian Texts. Updated 3/31/2004. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_ChinaRelation_to_Confucianism_and_Daoism

Properties of Cytosinium Hydrogen Selenite

Properties of Cytosinium Hydrogen Selenite fruit, Optical, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cytosinium hydrogen selenite A Novel Nonlinear Optical Single CrystalP. Jaikumar, S. Sathiskumar, T. Balakrishnanand K. Ramamurthi abbreviationA novel nonlinear optical bingle quartz glass of cytosinium hydrogen selenite was successfully cock-a-hoop from aqueous firmness by slow evaporation method acting at mode temperature. The unit cell parameters of the grown crystal were lookd by angiotensin-converting enzyme crystal X- ray diffraction analysis. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X- ray technique. movement of various functional congregations was identified from Fourier transform infr ard spectroscopy. The optical contagion and absorbance spectra save for the grown crystal show that the crystal possesses good transp arncy in the entire visible region. The insulator unalterable and dielectric detriment were calculated for the grown crystal as a function of fre quency at assorted temperatures. etch psychoanalyze of the grown cytosinium hydrogen selenite crystal was carried show up with different engraving time.Keywords Crystal result Optical properties Mechanical properties Dielectric constant, second harmonised generation efficiency*Corresponding author Tel. +91 9443445535E Mail addresses emailprotected (T. Balakrishnan).1.IntroductionIn the past few decades, a myriad of efforts has been made in the throw and characterization of nonlinear optical (NLO) veridicals delinquent to their excellent properties and important applications in the field of laser technology, telecommunication, optoelectronic and photonic applications 1-2. A large number of various organic and semiorganic NLO materials were synthe coatd and characterized. coke is one of the pyrimidine derivatives consists of heterocyclic compound along with aromatic amine and keto groups 3-4. Cytosine plays an important role in DNA/RNA base pairing, through some(prenomina l) hydrogen-bonding pattern, and controls the essential features of life as it is involved in genetic codon of 17 amino acids 5. The single crystal structure of anhydrous cytosine 6 and cytosine monohydrate 7 was reported. Tu lee(prenominal) and and Pu Yun Wang 8 reported the molecular recognition of an achiral cytosine with oxalic acid, malonic acid and succinic acid. Babulal Das and Baruah 9 reported the hydrogen bonded single crystals of cytosine with adipic acid and citric acid. Reji doubting Thomas and Kulkarni 10 studied the hydrogen bonding in proton transfer complexes of cytosine with trimesic acid and pyromellitic acid. Single crystal structure of metal complexes of cytosine with cobalt chloride 11, copper chloride 12 and atomic number 20 chloride 13 were reported. The single crystal structure of cytosinium hydrogen selenite (CHS) was reported by Radhwane Takouachet et al. 14. A survey of literature shows no systematic works available on the growth of cytosinium hydrogen selenite single crystal and its characterization. Hence in this work we report on the synthesis and growth of CHS single crystal and characterization of the grown crystal for its structural, optical, nonlinear optical, dielectric, thermal and etching properties for the first time.2. Experimental details2.1 SynthesisAqua solution of CHS was prepared from equimolar amounts of AR grade cytosine and selenous acid (E Merck). The reactants were well dissolved in doubly distilled water and stirred well for about three hours using temperature controlled magnetic stirrer to obtain a homogeneous categorisation of solution. Evaporation of the prepared solution at room temperature yielded the product of CHS. Successive re-crystallization process was adapted to improve the purity of the synthesized CHS.2.2 Crystal GrowthSaturated solution of CHS was prepared at room temperature using recrystallized salt in double distilled water and filtered using Whatman filter paper. The filtered solution w as taken in a bright beaker closed with perforated polythene sheet and kept in a dust free atmosphere for crystallization. Slow evaporation method yielded single crystals of size 4 2 2 mm3 and were harvested in a period of 15 days. The grown CHS crystals are shown in Fig.1.Fig.1. As grown CHS crystals3. Results and Discussion3.1 X-ray diffraction studiesThe grown single crystal was subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature using Enraf Nonius CAD4 X ray diffractometer with Mo K ( = 0.7107) radiation to estimate the unit cell parameters. Single crystal structure studies show that CHS crystal belongs to orthorhombic system with a non centrosymmetric space group PCa21. The unit cell parameters obtained are a = 7.024 (7.005 ), b = 8.661 (8.634 ), c = 12.741 (12.713 ) and V= 771 3 (768 3 ) and these set agree well with the corresponding esteems reported by Radhwane Takouachet et al. 14 given in parenthesis.Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the CHS crystal was record on Reich Seifert diffractometer using Cu K ( = 1.5418 ) radiation. The powdered sample was scanned over a 2 range of mountains 10 80 at a scan rate of 1/min. The recorded powder X ray diffraction peaks were indexed using AUTOX 93 software. The indexed powder X ray diffraction peaks of CHS are shown in Fig.2.Fig.2. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of CHS3.2 Fourier Transform infrared Spectral analysis.The Fourier Transform Infrared religious analysis of CHS crystal was carried out in the range of 400 4000 cm-1 using Perkin Elmer FT IR spectrometer by the KBr pellet method to study the presence of various functional groups. The recorded FT-IR spectrum is shown in Fig. 3. In the higher energy region, the peak appears at 3316 cm-1 is assigned to NH2 asymmetric reaching vibration. The peak at 3218 cm-1 is assigned to the frequency of NH2 symmetric stretching vibration. The intense peak at 1727 cm-1 establishes the presence of C = O stretching vibration. T he NH2 in plane deformation vibration mode appears at 1644 cm-1. The C N H and C = C stretching vibrations are observed at 1497 cm-1 and 1368 cm-1 respectively. The peak at 1237 cm-1 occurs due to C N stretching vibration. The strong tie observed at 821 cm-1, 631 cm-1 and 428 cm-1 are due to the Se O stretching vibration 15. The observed wave numbers and the assignments are presented in Table 1.Fig.3. FT IR spectrum of CHS Table 1. Tentative band assignment of FT IR spectra for CSA single crystals3.3. UV Vis NIR Spectral analysisThe UV Vis NIR spectrum gives information about the changes in electronic structure of the molecule because the absorption of UV and visible light involves promotion of the electrons from the ground state to higher energy states. The UV Vis NIR transmittance and absorbance spectrum was recorded in the wavelength range of 190 1100 nm using Varian Cary 5E spectrophotometer. The UV transmittance and absorbance spectrum recorded for CHS of thickne ss 2mm is shown in Fig. 4. As there is no absorption in the entire UV Vis NIR, it can be used as potential material for frequency doubling process. The lower cutoff wavelength is observed at 290 nm. From the transmittance spectra optical parameters resembling absorption coefficient and band gap were evaluated. The absorption coefficient () was evaluated from the equation = 2.303 A/t, where t is the thickness and A is the absorbance of the crystal. The direct band gap was driven by fitting the absorption data to the equation h = B (h h)1/2 in which h is the photon energy and B is the constant related to material. A plot of variation of h versus (h)2 was drawn in Fig. 5 and the optical band gap (Eg) was obtained by extrapolating the linear agency of the represent to X axis. This gives a band gap value of 5.1 eV for CHS crystal.Fig.4. UV Vis NIR transmittance and absorbance spectrum of CHS single crystalFig.5. Plot of (h)2 versus h for CHS single crystal3.4. Dielectric stud iesThe dielectric constant of a material gives information about the nature of atoms, ions and their bonding in the material. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the CHS crystals were studied at three different temperatures using a HIOKI 3532 LCR HITESTER instrument in the frequency range 50 Hz 2 MHz. Cut and minute crystal of dimension 1cm x 1cm x 2mm was used for dielectric study. A both terminal copper electrode was used as a sample holder and the sample was held between the electrodes. The temperature of the sample was controlled and measured using a thermocouple. The thermocouple was fixed in the vicinity of lower electrode to measure the temperature of the sample. In this way a parallel plate capacitor was formed. The capacitance of the sample was measured by varying the frequency. The dielectric constant () in the frequency range 50 Hz 2 MHz was estimated at the temperature 32, 50 and 75 C using the formula = Cd/(0A), where C is the capacitance of the crystal , d is the thickness of the crystal, A is the puzzle sectional area of the crystal and 0 is the constant of permittivity of free space. The variation of the dielectric constant with log frequency at different temperature is shown in Fig. 6. It is imbed that dielectric constant has high values in the lower frequency region and then it decreases with increase in frequency. The dielectric constant of a material is composed of four contributions namely electronic, ionic, orientation and space charge polarizations. The high value of dielectric constant at low frequencies may be due to the presence of all the four polarizations and its low value at high frequencies may be due to the loss of significance of these polarizations gradually 16, 17. It was observed from the graph that the dielectric constant of CHS exhibits a normal dielectric behaviour. Fig. 7 shows the exponential decrease of dielectric loss of CHS as a function of frequency.Fig.6. Variation of dielectric constant with log frequency at various temperaturesFig . 7. Variation of dielectric loss with log frequency at various temperatures3.5Micro badness studyMicrohardness metre is a general microprose technique for assessing the bond strength, apart from being a measure of bulk strength. The hardness value correlated with other mechanical properties like elastic constants, yield strength, brittleness index and temperature of cracking. Microhardness measurements were carried at room temperature using Shimadzu HMV-2000 hardness tester fitted with a Vickers pyramid diamond. The load P is varied between 25g to 100g, and the indentation time is kept constant at 10s for all trails. The diagonal lengths of indentation were measured. The hardness of the material Hv is determined by the following relation.Hv = 1.8544 P /d2 (Kg/mm2)Fig.8 Microhardness values vs. load for CHS crystalWhere P is the applied load in Kg and d is the diagonal length of the impression in mm. The variation of hardness value and applied l oad is shown in Fig.8. The graph was plotted for log P versus log d is shown in Fig.9. The plot of log P versus log d yields a straight line and its slope gives the work hardening coefficient n. The value of n is found to be 5 for CHS crystal. Since the value of n is greater than 2, the hardness of the material is found increase with the increase of load. It confirms the prediction of Onitsch and also the reverse indentation size effect (RISE) 18 19.Fig.9. log P vs. log d for CHS crystal3.5. Thermal analysisThe thermo gravimetric ( TG ), differential thermal ( DT ) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis were carried out using SDT Q600 v20.9 Build 20 for CHS sample encumbrance of 7.9970 mg in the temperature range 25 to 500 C at a heating rate of 10 C / min in newton gas atmosphere. A small weight loss of 17.2 % observed in the range of 25 C 150 C, which is assigned to the loss of selenous acid. There is a major weight loss of 69.5 % in the temperature range 150 C 460 C. The second step of weight loss is attributed to the decomposition of cytosine molecules. The DTA trace illustrates two endothermic peak each at, 66.55 C and 167.47 C. The endotherms coincide with the weight losses shown in Fig.10Fig. 10 TG/DTA and DSC trace of CHS single crystal3.7. Etching studiesThe chemical etching studies were carried out on the grown CHS crystal using polarized high resolution optical microscope fitted with Motic camera. Etching is an important tool for the identification of the crystal defects, such as growth hillocks, etch pits, grain boundaries on the crystal surface and micro structural imperfections of the grown crystal. Double distilled water was used as etchant. The photographs of the etch patterns are shown in Fig. 11a and Fig. 11b. When the etch time is 5s, which is shows less etch pits formed in the grown crystal surface. Etching study is made on the grown CHS single crystal with different etching time and when the etching time is increased, t here is a major change observed in the syllable structure of the etch pits (with 10s).Fig. 9a. Etching study on CHS crystal (etch time of 5s)Fig. 9b Etching study on CHS crystal (etch time of 10s)3.8. Second accordant generation efficiencyThe second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown crystal was measured by using the Kurtz powder technique 20. The fundamental beam of 1064 nm from Q-switched NdYAG laser ( Prolab one hundred seventy Quanta ray, pulse width 8 ns, repetition rate 10 Hz) was made to fall normally on the CHS crystalline powder densely packed in a capillary underground. The fundamental beam was filtered using an IR filter and the green radiation of 532 nm was collected by Photo multiplier tube (PMT-Philips photonics model 8563). The optical signal incident on the PMT was converted into voltage output at the CRO (Tektronix TDS 3052B). The input laser energy incident on the powdered sample was chosen to be 6.1mJ/pulse. A pure potassium dihydrogen Phosphate powdered sample of the same size of CHS (KDP) was used as the quote material and the result obtained for CHS shows a second harmonic generation efficiency of about 1.5 times that of KDP.4. ConclusionSlow evaporation technique at room temperature yielded CHS single crystals of 4 2 2 mm3 . The single crystal X ray diffraction analysis reveals that the crystal belongs to orthorhombic system with a non centrosymmetric space group of PCa21. The crystallinity of the grown crystal was verified by powder X ray diffraction analysis. Presence of various functional groups of CHS crystals was identified by FT IR spectral studies. From the UV Vis NIR transmittance spectrum we found that the material has no absorption in the range of 210 1100 nm, thus confirming the suitability of CHS crystal for SHG application. The dielectric study reveals that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreases with increasing frequency at different temperatures. TG/DTA reveals that the compound is stable at room temperature and decomposes on increasing the temperature. Etching study is made on the surface of the grown crystal with different etching time and when the etching time is increased, there is no change in the morphology of the etch pits. The second harmonic generation efficiency of the crystal was measured by Kurtz powder technique and is 1.5 times that of KDP.References1. Hideko Koshima, Hironori I Miyamoto, I chizo Yagi, Kohei U osaki, Cryst. Growth and Design 4 (2004) 807 811.2. K. Bouchouit, Z., B. Derkowska, S. Abed, N. Bnali-Cherif, M. Bakasse, B. Sahraoui, J. Optics Communications, 278 (2007) 180-186.3. J. D. Watson, F.H. Crick, Nature, 171(1953) 737-738.4. Balasubramanian Sridhar, Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu, Krishnan Ravikumar Cryst. Eng. Comm., 14 (2012) 7065-7074.5. G. Portalone, M. Colapietro, J. Chem. Crystallogr. 39 (2009) 193-200.6. David L. Barker, Richard E. Marsh, Acta Cryst. 17, (1964) 1581-1587.7. G.A.Jeffery, Y.Kinoshita, Y. Acta. Cryst. 16, (1963) 20-38.8. Tu Lee, Pu Yun Wang, Cryst. Growth Des. 10 (2010) 1419 1434.9. Babulal Das, Jubaraj B. Baruah, J. Molecular Structure 1001, (2011) 134-138.10. Reji Thomas, G. U. Kulkarni J. Molecular Structure 873 (2008) 160 167.11. D. Trani Qui, M. Bagieu A. Acta. Cryst C46 (1990) 1645-1647.12. D. Trani Qui, E. Palacios Acta. Cryst C46 (1990) 1220-1223.13. Keizo ogawa, Miyoko Kumihashi, Ken-ichi tomita, Acta. Cryst B36 (1980) 1793-1797.14. Radhwane Takouachet, Rim Benali Cherif, Nourredine Benali Cherif, Acta Cryst. E70 (2014) o186 o187.15. K. Nakamoto, Infrared and Raman spectra of Inorganic and Coordination compounds,Wiley, New York, 197816. T. Balakrishnan, G. Bhagavanarayanan and K. Ramamurthi, Spectrochim. Acta part A 71 (2008) 578 583.17. K. V. Rao and A. Smakula, J. App. Phys. 37 (1996) 317 322.18. K. Sangwal, Mater. Chem. Phys. 63 (2000) 145 152.19. Mott. B. W. Micro indentation Hardness Testing Butterworths, London, 1956.20. S. K. Kurtz and T. T. Perry, J. Appl. Phys. 39 (1968) 3798.

Argument for the Abolishment of the Death Penalty

Argument for the Abolishment of the Death PenaltyAlvin SooDeath penalization is the capital punishment that has authorization to kill some iodine as the crimes punishment. The first clownish that started the ending penalty is Babylon. It established the remnant penalty law at eighteenth century. There are many manners of death penalty that develop oer the centuries such(prenominal) as shooting, poisoning, hanging, and other(a)s. In the modern century, there are many countries are using the death penalty in the law punishment such as Malaysia, China, and others. According to the website, theguardian, China has the most number of mass sentenced to death and its most common death penalty method is shooting. The murderers eyes are cover and their back is facing the shooter. Then the shooters ordain start firing until the murderers are dead. Death penalty has been a popular discussion since some countries are pickings the lead to abolish death penalty. People are debating whethe r the death penalty should be abolished. In this era, death penalty need to be abolished from the law be caseful it has controvert effects on society, family, and economy.First of all, death penalty is encouraging the racial discrimination. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, most of the death punishments are sentenced to the nonage line of achievements such as African-American. It is a norm that the society has racial discrimination be antecedent people like to be in a group, which has people of similar race or culture. When there is an outsider that doesnt subscribe to similarity, they will neglect that outsider and may treat him variantly. This is not just happening in the society it besides happens in court. When the judge and jury are making decision in front of the justice, they are still having bias when deciding the punishment because everyone has prejudice and discrimination. establish on NAACP Criminal Justice Department (2017), the death penalty will a ffect the victims race especially white. This proves that the death penalty is supporting the racial discrimination.Secondly, death penalty is not eliminating the devious from the society. In the modern society, everyone is educated to follow the rules to avoid from committing the crime. However, everyone is not educated to be forgiving sin. Although crimes happened, the murderers are deserved to be given another chance to change their bad behavior and thinking. The devious cannot be stopped by killing the murderers. Instead, the murderers needed be educated in prison to gain the forgiveness and decrease the crime rate. Besides that, death penalty alike increases the crime rate. Originally, death penalty is used to discourage the people committing crime by making them scare because one of the humans fears is death. Death penalty also can save other lives by eliminated the people who connected crime but it doesnt help to decreasing the crime rate. Article by Bonner and Fessenden (2 000) supports that the states that have no death penalty are having lower of slaughter rate. This is because the death penalty is replaced by culture and religion.Thirdly, death penalty is having disallow effect on moral ethnicity. Moral ethnicity is teaching about the principle of moral. It lets people contend that everyone is equal and they are given the same human right even though they committed crime. However, death penalty is giving the wrong ethnicity to the society and family. It is promoting a concept, which the murderers are deserved to have deaths sentence because they committed crime. When that concept is spread into the society, the people will be influenced and may cause more crime happens. The movement is because people will choose to do the death sentence to the murderer without authorization and legal process. In the other hand, it is not right to take over other people life no matter who they are. Slaughter people are against the law death sentence is also slaug htering people. The only difference in the midst of these two is on is illegal and other one is legal. In the view of morality, both are the same because killing people is an amorality.Fourthly, death penalty is impacting the family statement negatively. Family is an important thing in life because everything is started from that first. If death penalty is not abolished, the children will become more extreme with aggressive family education. As mentioned above, death penalty will affect the society and family. If the perspective of death penalty can regulate the society and family. There will be more aggressive family appears and cause the violent crime arise. For an example, if children are having the aggressive punishment because they did the non-moral things like stealing, fighting, and others. Are the parents going to say that they are deserve to have that punishment? Definitely no, because parents have the responsibility to let the children know that whats wrong with that att itude and admit it instead of using the extreme and aggressive punishment to make them afraid.Moreover, death penalty is also affecting the family to be broken. When the murders are sentenced to death, their families are going to be the victim. Death penalty is going to bring the unhappiness to the murderers family and cause the family falls apart eventually. When one of the family members is executed, the rest are going to have tough life especially children. If the children dont have their parents in their childhood, they are more likely to commit crime when they create up. Based on the intelligence operation that written by Steve Doughty, the incomplete familys children more likely to fall into the society devious. This proves that the death penalty can cause negative effect on family.In addition, death penalty will also affect the country. Death penalty will give the country bad impression. A mentioned in introduction, death penalty is already existed in 18th century. This law is old and not efficient to control the safety of country. Instead, government should use other law to substitute the death penalty. If the country can abolish the death penalty, it will give a good impression to the international company. That will cause the relationship between the country become better. When there is a country taking the lead to abolish the death penalty, the other countries in the international community will follow it. This will encourage the countries to have globalization within each other. Globalization is the process that the organization develop international influence such as international trade. Country can use the globalization to make its economy become better. It can use international trade to export the produced goods and services. This will increase the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the countrys economy.Death penalty is also costly to the government expenses. According to Chammah(2014), cost of capital punishment is increasing because the involve is increasing. The government needs to hire the worker to in charge of the death penalty. This recruitment is not just hire one worker. Instead, government is going to hire a group of people. Therefore, this will cause the government expenses to increase. When the government needs to find more resources to cover the expense. It will either increase the tax or decrease the other expenses. Increasing taxes will increase the burden of taxpayer and decrease the other expanses will decrease the benefit such as unemployment benefit. Both of this method will decrease the economy.In some peoples perspective, death penalty should be remained because the murderers have no right to decide whether they are sentenced to death. Lets think this in different view point. If one of the murderers is the family member, the perspective of death penalty will be different. The murderers family will appeal to the death penalty because it is too cruel to take apart their lives. As the previous p aragraph mentioned, everyone should be treated as same and have equal right. Therefore, death penalty should be eliminated from law.In conclusion, I ensure and totally support to abolishment of death penalty because death penalty is negatively affecting the family, society, economy, and country. It is also having the bad influence on morality and culture. In order to make the children and countrys future better, death penalty have to be eliminated.ReferencesPart I History of the Death Penalty. (n.d.). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from http//www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/part-i-history-death-penaltyNAACP Death Penalty Fact Sheet. (2017, January 18). Retrieved February 07, 2017, from http//www.naacp.org/ in vogue(p)/naacp-death-penalty-fact-sheet/Bonner, R., Fessenden, F. (2000, September 21). ABSENCE OF EXECUTIONS A special report. States With No Death Penalty Share Lower Homicide Rates. Retrieved February 07, 2017, from http//www.nytimes.com/2000/09/22/us/absence-executions-special-rep ort-states-with-no-death-penalty-share-lower.htmlDoughty, S. (2008, October 21). Broken home children are flipper times more likely to suffer mental troubles Broken home children are five times more likely to suffer mental troubles . Retrieved February 7, 2017, from http//www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1079510/Children-broken-homes-times-likely-suffer-mental-troubles-says-Government-study.htmlDieter, R.C. (1998). The Death of Penalty in America Current Controversies. H. A. Bedau (Ed.). Oxford, England Oxford University Press.

ABCDE Approach for Critically Ill Patients

ABCDE Approach for Critically Ill PatientsThe topic I have chosen for my vignette is a uncomplaining with chest pain. The Resuscitation Council (UK 2006) recommends that clinical staff should look on the ABCDE approach when assessing and treating critically ill endurings. This will help to identify the deterioration of critically ill patients.With this in mind, it is important that patients presenting with cardiovascular conditions are promptly assessed and treated. present I am following an ABCDE sound judgment on a patient with chest pain. The 58-year-old (anonymous) male patient admitted with chest pain, 8hours after the onset of the symptoms. Initially patient was thinking it is heartburn and been taken gaviscon and paracetamol.As I went to see the patient, I introduced myself and checked identity by asking the name.Patient is able to communicate.This incates that the airway is patent. Patient is spirit pale and in short of breath. Complaining of heaviness and crushing pai n around the chest radiating to left arm. Sat patient upright prospect and checked breathing. Respiratory aim is 20bpm. (9-14bpm is blueprint resp rate-bts guidelines). The pattern of the breathing is normal, the movement of the chest wall is equal, and symmetrical.SaO2 checked is, 95% on room air. (Above 94%is normal or 88%-92% for those with resp problem (copd) BTS 2008).I administered 35% oxygen via venturi mask. Supplemental oxygen therapy is important to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the tissues and organs when patients experiencing pain and precipitousness of breath. (Critical care assessment booklet)Patients peripheries are cold and clammy.this indicates poorly perfused tissues. Pressed on patients finger for 5 seconds to check the capillary refill time.(in wellness,initial blanching should disappear within 2seconds of purgative pressure(Athern and Philpot 2002).CRT is 4 seconds. delayed CRT indicates poor perfusion(Lima and Bakker 2005). checked radial pulse is tac hycardic 114bpm.rate is regular. A manual pulse should always checked, as machines that measure heart rate tend to give an averaged value and therefore do not pickup irregularities or arterial insufficiency (Torrance and Elley, 1997).HR is above systolic blood pressure indicating that patient having cardiac problem. Blood pressure is 101/54 mmhg, Temp 36 deg. Patient was very restless due to pain. Obtained ECG and showing small blossom in the ST segment in standard leads.ST elevation is the first sign of infarction. This happens when myocardium injured. ECG is showing Acute Myocardial infarction.Pain relief is the first priority, as uncontrolled pain increases sympathetic stimulation, which leads to increased myocardial oxygen consumption. This can further aggravate the ischemia (T Moore P Woodrow). Informed doctor about patients condition. Inserted cannula and taken bloods for troponin t and routine investigation fbc, ues, coagulation profile. revivify arrived and examined the p atient, advised to give GTN spray and Diamorphine injection (GTN generates nitric oxide that is Vasoprotective.Nitrovasodilators act primarily to dilate veins and therefore has a major effect on reducing the filling pressures of the heart. This helps to reduce myocardial contraction, wall stress, oxygen demands .It is short acting, and its effects last up to 30 minutes. The sublingual route is preferred as this avoids metabolism by the liver which reduces the drug concentration (H Chummun,KGopaul,A. Lutchman 2009) Diamorphine injection 5mg intravenously given .This is both potent analgesic and has supportive hemodynamic effects dampenicularly,vasodialatation which reduces the myocardial oxygen demand. Metochlorpromide 10mg intravenously (Antiemetic) given along with opiates to minimize nausea, a side effect of opiates therapy. Aspirin and Clopidogrel 300mg given .These are antiplatelet drugs ,decrease the platelet assemblage and inhibit thrombus formation in the arterial circulat ion ,because in faster-flowing vessels,throbi are composed mainly of platelets with little fibrin. (BNF 2010)Patient is not thrombolysed with streptokinase injection, because the late presentation and later institution is less effective outcome. Currently most protocols advocate a time window of 6hrs from the onset of pain during which it is appropriate to give thrombolytics.After this time it is usually considered that the essay of the drug outweigh the limited benefit gained(MrBassets and Mr Makins). Reassessed vital signs and pain. The pain is easing off slightly, scoring 2.respiratory rate 16bpm , HR 98bpm BP 112/68,CRT 2. Patients condition is improving. Pain assessment is a priority because continued pain is a symptom of ongoing MI, which places additional risk on myocardial tissue (Urden et al, 2002). Repeat Diamorphine injection given as advised by doctor. Closely observed the patient, monitored breathing and oxygen saturation. Oxygen therapy continued, because it is impor tant to assist the myocardial tissue to continue its pumping activity and to repair the disgraced tissue around the site of the infarct (Sole et al, 2001).No shortness of breath at present. Repeat ECG taken in 15 minutes interval for assessment of dysrhythmias and it is noninvasive, well tolerated by patients and provides continuous information about the heart (Docherty and Douglas, 2003). Patients blood sugar checked and it is 6.7mmol.patient has no diabetic history.Patient is very anxious and worried. anguish can play a role in acute MI. It may affect the development of further heart disease, further morbidity or prognosis, health care use and rehabilitation. (Crow et al,1996, Januzzi et al 2000).I reassured patient. Anxiety management is assigned a high priority in the early management of Acute MI. Doctor discussed with family about present condition and treatment. Family member who are anxious or upset about the patients condition may heighten patient anxiety, research signif y that family members should provide with information to meet their needs to reduce family anxiety (Quinn et al 1996).Doctor explained to the family about patients diagnosis and treatment. Heart rate monitored continuously by attaching telemetry. This helps to identify cardiac arrhythmias. Vitals signs and pain score recorded regularly.Recognizing the signs of clinical deterioration and taking appropriate timely action can be a vital part of providing optimal patient care. The clinical signs of critical illness usually reflect compromised respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological function.The underlying aim of the initial interventions should be seen as a holding measure to keep the patient alive,and produces some clinical improvement ,in order that definitive treatment may be initiated(Nolan et al,2005).

Japans Economic Development :: essays research papers fc

JAPANS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTIn the following paper I will be examining the process of economic development in lacquer. I begin with their history in the Meiji period and how that effected their great success in the postwar development. Then I will go through the several(predicate) economic stages of economic development in postwar Japan. I will examine the high periods and low period in Japan economics, and the factors behind these shifts in development. Last I will give a conclusion and where I believe Japan economy will be in the future. To understand Japan economic boom after the war you must likewise look at there history. Without the creation of the industrial economy during the Meiji Japan this economic harvest-time after postwar could have not happened. To look even closer lets examine the period before called the Tokugawa period, from 1630s until the 1860s. Smith explains that "during this period Japanese economy go through unparalleled growth and structural change&q uot (Smith, Page 4). The system was set up on rules and obligations on all sections of society. These systems of control helped rapid urbanization.      Education is also a factor in the economic development in Tokugawa period. Tokugawa Japan abapted Confucianism belief system from there neighbors China. This became important because "one of the distinctive traits of Confucianism was reverence for statement and learning" (Smith, Page 5). This spread of education was dramatic. Not Macdonnell, 2Only did the knowledge seep the upper class (such as the samurai and merchants) but in severalise to expand business it filtrates quite a little to the peasants and artisans also. During this period up to forty percent of boys and ten percent of girls were educated by the 1850s. These are great numbers compared to early(a) societies. The Tokugawa period in turn developed an economy familiar to bureaucratic direction and directed by the well-educated people stated Dennis Smith.     In 1869 the Tokugawa shogunta was bought down and Meiji restoration began. Japan was under great change. Meiji Japan began to industrialize. This was due to the western countries that have already industrialized. It was through private investment and enterprise that Japan began this process. The gumption of industrialization was the zaibatsu. Zaibatsu were industrial and financial conglomerates. They were given government support including benefits from government subsidies and sell-off of government factories. The first of these zaibatsu were Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, and Yasuda. Growth of industrialization began slowly. In the beginning they still depended largely on United States and Europe for most specialized and worldly machinery and manufactured goods.

Ethnocentrism Essay examples -- ethnocentric culture essays research p

Are we limited in knowledge, in imagination, and in understanding by the ending we grow up in? In otherwise words, are we ethnocentric, and if so is it a bad thing? To answer that, one must understand what ethnocentrism is. tally to Macionis (2004), ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another grow by the standards of ones own culture. We are not born with culture culture is a socially learned behavior, or set of values that a given groups holds as a norm and are considered to be true and right. It is these cultural norms that unite the individuals of the group, which make up a society. No society can exist without culture and no culture can exist without a society (Giddens, Duneier, & Applebaum, 2002). The deuce are intrinsically intertwined. It is hard to see past ones own culture and reach into another for understanding we find it hard to overlay the fact that our truths and values, that are so innate to us, do not re get universal truth. So what is universal truth who is right and who is wrong culturally? present in lays the importance of understanding cultural relativism, or the practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards (Macionis, 2004), making the previous question irrelevant since culture itself is present in every society, it is therefore, universal having no right or wrong. Like culture, ethnocentrism is unavoidable and like culture, ethnocentrism is universal to all cultures to some degree. To claim no ethnocentricity would be to separate oneself from ones own culture. It is only human nature to be grounded in and reflective of the culture that you have been immersed in since birth, as it is your connection to your heritage. In this sense, ethnocentrism is not all bad, and can be beneficial in promoting cultural diversity (Rosaldo, 2000). It becomes bad when we do not acknowledge other cultures or we expect others to adopt our cultural norms because we believe their cultural norms are wrong. This behavior stems mainly from the troublesome nature of not understanding the basis for their beliefs and values, and from bullying due to the mere existence of a different view of norms within a culture, leading to a threatening atmosphere when our cultural validity is challenged. cross the lines between cultures has become more common with technological advances. What was once a world where cultures rarely c... ...ion cooking show relative to the cultural values present in the show itself and in the chefs, it is very apparent that these differences are what defines a culture and makes one so very different than the other. Learning to accept these differences and appreciating them for the ship canal they are engrained in society can lead to an appreciation for that culture. Works CitedGiddens, A., Duneier, M., & Appelbaum, R.P. (n.d.) Welcome to Sociology. Chapter 3 Culture & Society. http//www.wwnorton.com/giddens4/chapters/chapter3/welcome.htm Iron Chef. (n.d.) The World News. http//www.sbs.com.au/ironchef/ Ma cionis, J. J. (2004). Sociology, Tenth Edition. Pearson Education, Inc. Upper bill River, New Jersey 07458.Manon, Louis R. III (1999, November). Multiculturalism Walking the Walk. http//astro.ocis.temple.edu/wgreason/sampaadana8.htmlRosaldo, R. (2000, Winter). Issues in Ethics. Of headhunters and Soldiers Separating Cultural and Ethical Relativism. http//www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v11n1/relativism.htmlShotokai. (n.d.) http//www.shotokai.cl/filosofia/06_ee_.htmlWikipedia. (2004, March). Iron Chef. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Chef